North Dakota vs Oregon
A tax calculator says the difference is $6,548 a year. Once you count what a dollar actually buys in each, North Dakota is $18,032 ahead — $180,321 over 10 years.
Property tax is set by counties, not states. Inside Texas alone the rate varies six times over, so this is the single choice that changes the answer most.
Does it work everywhere in Oregon?
in what the money buys · $180,321 over 10 years
You need 30.6% more for the move to break even.
Who worked this out, and what it is built on
I build and maintain every comparison on this site — 1275 state pairs so far, on the same engine that runs the tax calculators for all 50 states and 3,143 counties. This is not a template with two names swapped into it: North Dakota and Oregon are run through the actual rules of each place, and if the numbers say the move is not worth it, that is what the page says.
Four sources, and one deliberate refusal. Federal figures from the IRS revenue procedure. State rates read one state at a time off each state’s own department of revenue. County property tax from the US Census Bureau. Cost of living from the Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Price Parities, 2024 — and not from Numbeo or any other crowd-sourced index, because those are filled in by users, publish no methodology, and cannot be cited. That single choice is most of why the cost-of-living numbers here differ from everybody else’s.
When I get something wrong I publish the correction with the date and what it cost — including the two mistakes on these pages I found myself. Data last verified September 1, 2026.
Where to go from here
Almost nobody is choosing between exactly two places. These are the questions that usually come next, with the answer already attached so you can see which is worth opening.
Other moves involving North Dakota or Oregon
States that sit near Oregon on prices compared against North Dakota, and the mirror of that. The comparison you would run next.
- Florida vs North Dakota— North Dakota by $10,284
- Connecticut vs North Dakota— North Dakota by $18,316
- Colorado vs North Dakota— North Dakota by $12,287
- Alabama vs Oregon— Alabama by $16,372
- Oregon vs South Dakota— South Dakota by $18,527
- Oregon vs West Virginia— West Virginia by $15,986
Each state on its own
The full detail behind each half of the comparison above.
The counties that decide it
Property tax is set by county, and the spread inside one state beats most state pairs.
- Billings County, North Dakota— 0.37%, the cheapest
- Foster County, North Dakota— 1.29%, the dearest
- Josephine County, Oregon— 0.53%, the cheapest
- Gilliam County, Oregon— 1.01%, the dearest
Similar in price to North Dakota
States that sit next to North Dakota on the price index — often the comparison people should have run.
- Kansas— 90.1 on prices
- Nebraska— 90.1 on prices
- West Virginia— 89.5 on prices
- Alabama— 88.8 on prices
- Every North Dakota comparison— all 50
- Every Oregon comparison— all 50
- The nine states with no income tax— and what they charge instead
North Dakota or Oregon is a housing decision: Oregon housing runs 52.1% dearer
The tax difference between North Dakota and Oregon is real but it is not what decides this one. On $100,000 with a $400,000 home, take-home moves by $6,548 a year. Housing moves by far more: the housing component of the official price index is 71.4 in North Dakota against 108.6 in Oregon, a gap of 37.2 points against just 14.4 on the index as a whole.
Which means a single blended cost-of-living number would hide the only variable that matters here. Put the housing gap into the arithmetic and North Dakota comes out $18,032 a year ahead in what the money buys — $180,321 over 10 years. If you rent a small flat, most of that advantage never reaches you; if you buy a family house, it is understated.
Where the two sit nationally: Oregon is the 12th most expensive place to live of the 51 — the 50 states and the District of Columbia — and North Dakota is 44th. Housing, the component that moves most, is 71.4 against 108.6.
Grey columns are what a year of North Dakota and a year of Oregon are worth in the same money. The bars between them are each thing that changes, in the order it changes: green adds, amber takes away.
Where the money actually goes, line by line
Five separate taxes, and here they matter but they do not win: the price level shifts the answer by $10,675 against $7,226 for the biggest tax gap. Both are in play, which makes this one of the pairs where the layers are worth reading closely:
Federal income tax — $13,170 either way. Identical, because it is federal. Any comparison that shows a difference here is wrong.
FICA — $7,650 either way. Also federal, also identical.
State income tax — $691 in North Dakota, $7,916 in Oregon. A difference of $7,226.
Property tax — $3,722 in North Dakota, $3,044 in Oregon on a $400,000 home, at each state's median local rate. Smaller than the income tax gap here, which is not usually the case.
Local income tax — zero on both sides. Both North Dakota and Oregon keep income tax at the state level only, so the figures above are complete rather than approximations.
Total: $25,232 in North Dakota against $31,780 in Oregon — 25.2% and 31.8% of gross.
And Oregon housing costs 52.1% more
The cost of living gap between North Dakota and Oregon is almost entirely a housing gap, and that is only visible because the Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Price Parity publishes its components separately rather than as one blended number. 100 is the national average.
Cheaper in Oregon than North DakotaDearer in Oregon than North Dakota
Each bar is how far apart North Dakota and Oregon are on that component, and which way. Housing almost always runs several times wider than everything else — which is why a single blended index tells you very little.
All items — 89 in North Dakota, 103.4 in Oregon. A gap of 14.4 points.
Housing — 71.4 against 108.6. A gap of 37.2 points, 2.6× the headline gap. This is what people mean when they say somewhere is expensive.
Goods — 95.7 against 105.3, 9.6 points apart — 3.9 times narrower than the housing gap — and typical: across all 1,275 pairs the median is 2.7 points for goods against 24.9 for housing. Blended into one figure, what you are reading is mostly housing wearing a general label.
Utilities — 73.7 against 107. 33.3 points, the second widest component after housing on this pair, and large enough to matter to anyone heating or cooling a big house.
Which half of this reaches you depends on whether you buy. Renting, the real difference between North Dakota and Oregon is $19,270 a year — property tax comes out of your side entirely, and what is left is the price level. Buying a $400,000 home it is $18,032. So renting is where the gap is widest here, by $1,238 — unusual, and it means buying erodes the advantage rather than compounding it.
The number to take into a salary negotiation: $130,604
This is the question people are actually asking and almost nobody answers: what would I need to earn in Oregon to live exactly as well as I do on $100,000 in North Dakota?
$130,604. That is 30.6% more than you earn now. Anything less than $130,604 and the move costs you money however it is presented.
The dashed line is the salary you earn now. The solid line is what matches it in Oregon. If the relationship were a simple multiplier the two would be parallel — they are not, because brackets, the Social Security ceiling and a property tax that does not move with income all bend it.
The obvious shortcut fails here, and by a measurable amount. Scaling your salary by the ratio of price levels — $100,000 × 103.4/89 — gives $116,180. The answer is $130,604, so the shortcut is $14,424 too low: brackets, the Social Security ceiling and a property tax that ignores income all bend the line the shortcut assumes is straight.
The figure belongs to the two states and your income. On $40,000 the match in Oregon is $49,692, 24.2% above what you earn; on $250,000 it is $337,078, 34.8% above. The relationship bends by 10.6% across that range.
"North Dakota" and "Oregon" are not places you can compare
Every figure above uses each state's median local property tax rate — its counties in North Dakota, its counties in Oregon — and that is a simplification the page should own rather than hide.
Oregon has 36 counties, and the effective property tax rate runs from 0.53% in Josephine County to 1.01% in Gilliam County — 1.9 times. On a $400,000 home that is a spread of $1,920 a year, without leaving the state.
53 counties. Each dot is one. The spread is 3.5 times from end to end, which is why a state average is not a number you can plan with.
North Dakota has 53 counties, and the effective property tax rate runs from 0.37% in Billings County to 1.29% in Foster County — 3.5 times. On a $400,000 home that is a spread of $3,665 a year, without leaving the state.
So the honest version of this question is not "North Dakota or Oregon" but which county. Picking the cheapest county in Oregon against the dearest county in North Dakota swings the property tax line by $3,028 a year; the reverse choice swings it $2,558 the other way. Against a headline difference of $18,032, the county is not a detail — it is most of the decision.
Neither North Dakota nor Oregon lets its counties levy their own income tax, so that layer is genuinely zero here rather than unmodelled — one of the 1,225 pairs out of 1,275 where it does not apply. It is the reason North Dakota and Oregon are easier to compare honestly than most neighbours are.
Over 10 years: $180,321
Nobody moves for one year, and almost no comparison prices the decision over the horizon on which it is actually made.
At $18,032 a year of real difference, 10 years in North Dakota instead of Oregon is worth $180,321 in today's purchasing power — before compounding anything you might invest it in.
The line starts below zero because moving costs about $15,000 and lands entirely in year one. It takes until year 1 for the move to pay for itself. That is the figure a per-year comparison hides.
And it starts almost immediately. Reckon $15,000 for removal, fees and the cost of selling — an assumption, not a sourced figure — and 10 months of the $18,032 annual gain covers it, so from year two everything above is yours.
At three horizons: $54,096 over three years, $180,321 over 10, $540,964 over thirty, all of it net of the move after the first year.
None of those figures contains the one variable that could overturn them: the same job rarely pays the same in North Dakota and Oregon. That is what the $130,604 break-even above is for — it prices an offer instead of assuming the offer is identical.
Where every number here comes from
Four sources, each read off the body that publishes it:
US Bureau of Economic Analysis — Regional Price Parities by State and Metro Area, 2024 (released 19 February 2026) — read 2026-09-08. https://www.bea.gov/data/prices-inflation/regional-price-parities-state-and-metro-area
IRS — Revenue Procedure for the tax year (federal brackets, standard deduction and FICA) — read 2026-09-02. https://www.irs.gov/
Each state's own department of revenue (state income tax rates and deductions), verified one state at a time — read 2026-09-02. https://estimatetax.net/sources/
US Census Bureau, American Community Survey (county effective property tax rates) — read 2026-08-31. https://data.census.gov/
The cost of living index is the part worth checking, because it is where comparison sites usually reach for something crowd-sourced. The Regional Price Parities are produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, cover every state and metro area, and are published with a methodology document. The figures here are the 2024 release and are not extrapolated forward.
And what this page does not model:
— The cost of living index is the BEA's Regional Price Parity for 2024, the most recent published. It is not extrapolated to the current year, and it is a state-wide average — inside a state, a metro area and a rural county differ by more than most state pairs do.
— Moving costs, state transfer taxes on buying a home, and the cost of selling the one you have are not included. On a short stay they can outweigh every annual difference on this page.
— Sales tax is not modelled. It is inside the BEA index — that is what a price parity measures — but it is not broken out separately here.
— The comparison assumes the same salary in both places unless you change it. In practice a job in a high-cost state usually pays more, which is exactly what the break-even figure is for.
— Health insurance, childcare and car insurance vary enormously by state and are only inside the index as averages. If any of the three is a large part of your budget, it deserves its own arithmetic.
Where to go next
Questions
- Is it cheaper to live in North Dakota or Oregon?
- North Dakota, by $18,032 a year in real purchasing power on $100,000 with a $400,000 home. The take-home difference is only $6,548; the rest comes from the cost of living, where North Dakota indexes at 89 and Oregon at 103.4 against a national average of 100.
- How much do I need to earn in Oregon to match $100,000 in North Dakota?
- $130,604 — 30.6% more. That accounts for federal tax, FICA, state tax, property tax and the price level in each state.
- What are the taxes in North Dakota vs Oregon?
- On $100,000: state income tax of $691 in North Dakota against $7,916 in Oregon, and property tax of $3,722 against $3,044 on a $400,000 home at median county rates. Federal tax and FICA are identical in both — $13,170 and $7,650 — so any comparison showing a difference there is wrong.
- Does Oregon really have lower property tax?
- That depends entirely on the county, which is why a state-level answer is not much use. Oregon runs from 0.53% in Josephine County to 1.01% in Gilliam County — 1.9 times, or $1,920 a year on a $400,000 home. The median is 0.76%.
- How much is the difference over 10 years?
- $180,321 in today's purchasing power, at $18,032 a year. That excludes moving and housing transaction costs, which land in year one and can outweigh everything else on a short stay.
- Where does your cost of living data come from?
- The Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Price Parities for 2024, an official index covering every state and metro area with a published methodology. Not a crowd-sourced database — and it comes broken into housing, goods, utilities and services, which matters because housing moves several times more than anything else.