2026 · tax + cost of living · property tax by county
Kentucky vs Texas
A tax calculator says the difference is $1,250 a year. Once you count what a dollar actually buys in each, Kentucky is $4,458 ahead — $44,579 over 10 years.
Clearly better in Kentucky$4,458 a yearWorth 4.5% of your salary a year, every year you stay. This one is not a rounding error.
Property tax is set by counties, not states. Inside Texas alone the rate varies six times over, so this is the single choice that changes the answer most.
Step 1 of 4 · no account, nothing saved
Does it work everywhere in Texas?
One dot per county in Texas. It works in none of them.Kentucky is ahead by
$4,458 a year
in what the money buys · $44,579 over 10 years
To live the same in Texas, earn
$106,153
You need 6.2% more for the move to break even.
Federal + FICAState income taxProperty taxTake-home
I build and maintain every comparison on this site — 1275 state pairs so far, on the same engine that runs the tax calculators for all 50 states and 3,143 counties. This is not a template with two names swapped into it: Kentucky and Texas are run through the actual rules of each place, and if the numbers say the move is not worth it, that is what the page says.
Four sources, and one deliberate refusal. Federal figures from the IRS revenue procedure. State rates read one state at a time off each state’s own department of revenue. County property tax from the US Census Bureau. Cost of living from the Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Price Parities, 2024 — and not from Numbeo or any other crowd-sourced index, because those are filled in by users, publish no methodology, and cannot be cited. That single choice is most of why the cost-of-living numbers here differ from everybody else’s.
When I get something wrong I publish the correction with the date and what it cost — including the two mistakes on these pages I found myself. Data last verified September 1, 2026.
Almost nobody is choosing between exactly two places. These are the questions that usually come next, with the answer already attached so you can see which is worth opening.
Other moves involving Kentucky or Texas
States that sit near Texas on prices compared against Kentucky, and the mirror of that. The comparison you would run next.
A tax calculator says Texas. The right answer is Kentucky, by $4,458 a year
This is one of the 324 state pairs out of 1,275 where the two answers point at different states, and it is worth understanding why before trusting any comparison of these two. On $100,000 with a $400,000 home, Texas leaves you $1,250 more in take-home. That figure is correct. It is also the wrong basis for the decision.
Because Texas is the more expensive place to spend it. On the Bureau of Economic Analysis price index Kentucky is 90.2 and Texas is 97.1, national average 100. Deflate each take-home by where it gets spent and the ranking inverts: $80,849 in Kentucky against $76,391 in Texas. Kentucky wins by $4,458 a year — the opposite state to the one the tax figure names, and $44,579 over 10 years.
Where the two sit nationally: Texas is the 25th most expensive place to live of the 51 — the 50 states and the District of Columbia — and Kentucky is 40th. Housing, the component that moves most, is 64.3 against 96.5.
From Kentucky to Texas, step by step
Grey columns are what a year of Kentucky and a year of Texas are worth in the same money. The bars between them are each thing that changes, in the order it changes: green adds, amber takes away.
Why the two answers disagree, and which one to use
It is worth being precise about what is happening here, because "the cost of living is higher" is the kind of phrase that gets used to wave away an inconvenient number, and this is not that.
Both figures are correct measurements of different things. Take-home answers: how many dollars land in your account? Texas wins that, by $1,250. Purchasing power answers: how much can those dollars buy where you will be spending them? Kentucky wins that, by $4,458. The second question is the one you are actually asking when you ask where to live.
The mechanism is arithmetic rather than opinion. Divide the Texas take-home by its price level and you get $76,391; do the same in Kentucky and you get $80,849. The whole reversal comes from a price index of 90.2 against 97.1, published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis for exactly this purpose.
Where the nominal figure is the right one to use: if you are working in one state and spending in another — a border commute, a remote job you will leave, a posting you will not settle in — then your costs do not follow the state you are paid in, and take-home is what matters. That is a real case and it is why both numbers appear on this page rather than only the one that supports the conclusion.
Where the money actually goes, line by line
Five separate taxes, and here they matter but they do not win: the price level shifts the answer by $5,844 against $3,382 for the biggest tax gap. Both are in play, which makes this one of the pairs where the layers are worth reading closely:
Federal income tax — $13,170 either way. Identical, because it is federal. Any comparison that shows a difference here is wrong.
FICA — $7,650 either way. Also federal, also identical.
State income tax — $3,382 in Kentucky, $0 in Texas. Texas does not levy one at all, which is the fact that sells the move — and, as the next line shows, not the fact that decides it.
Property tax — $2,872 in Kentucky, $5,004 in Texas on a $400,000 home, at each state's median local rate. Smaller than the income tax gap here, which is not usually the case.
Local income tax — zero on both sides. Texas has none at any level, state or local — and that holds for all nine states without a state income tax, none of which lets a county or city levy one either. The two go together.
Total: $27,074 in Kentucky against $25,824 in Texas — 27.1% and 25.8% of gross.
And Texas housing costs 50.1% more
The cost of living gap between Kentucky and Texas is almost entirely a housing gap, and that is only visible because the Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Price Parity publishes its components separately rather than as one blended number. 100 is the national average.
Price level, component by component
All items
90.2 → 97.1
Housing
64.3 → 96.5
Goods
96 → 98.1
Utilities
75.3 → 87.5
Services
97.2 → 97.1
Cheaper in Texas than KentuckyDearer in Texas than Kentucky
Each bar is how far apart Kentucky and Texas are on that component, and which way. Housing almost always runs several times wider than everything else — which is why a single blended index tells you very little.
All items — 90.2 in Kentucky, 97.1 in Texas. A gap of 6.9 points.
Housing — 64.3 against 96.5. A gap of 32.2 points, 4.7× the headline gap. This is what people mean when they say somewhere is expensive.
Goods — 96 against 98.1, 2.1 points apart — 15.3 times narrower than the housing gap — and typical: across all 1,275 pairs the median is 2.7 points for goods against 24.9 for housing. Blended into one figure, what you are reading is mostly housing wearing a general label.
Utilities — 75.3 against 87.5. 12.2 points apart, close enough not to change a decision.
Which half of this reaches you depends on whether you buy. Renting, the real difference between Kentucky and Texas is $2,488 a year — property tax comes out of your side entirely, and what is left is the price level. Buying a $400,000 home it is $4,458. So buying widens the gap by $1,970: the more house you own, the more this comparison is worth to you.
The number to take into a salary negotiation: $106,153
This is the question people are actually asking and almost nobody answers: what would I need to earn in Texas to live exactly as well as I do on $100,000 in Kentucky?
$106,153. That is 6.2% more than you earn now. Anything less than $106,153 and the move costs you money however it is presented.
What you would need to earn in Texas, at every salary
The dashed line is the salary you earn now. The solid line is what matches it in Texas. If the relationship were a simple multiplier the two would be parallel — they are not, because brackets, the Social Security ceiling and a property tax that does not move with income all bend it.
The obvious shortcut fails here, and by a measurable amount. Scaling your salary by the ratio of price levels — $100,000 × 97.1/90.2 — gives $107,650. The answer is $106,153, so the shortcut is $1,497 too high: brackets, the Social Security ceiling and a property tax that ignores income all bend the line the shortcut assumes is straight.
The figure belongs to the two states and your income. On $40,000 the match in Texas is $43,930, 9.8% above what you earn; on $250,000 it is $260,103, 4.0% above. The relationship bends by 5.8% across that range.
"Kentucky" and "Texas" are not places you can compare
Every figure above uses each state's median local property tax rate — its counties in Kentucky, its counties in Texas — and that is a simplification the page should own rather than hide.
Texas has 250 counties, and the effective property tax rate runs from 0.33% in Crockett County to 2.09% in El Paso County — 6.3 times. On a $400,000 home that is a spread of $7,013 a year, without leaving the state.
Every county in Texas, by effective property tax rate
250 counties. Each dot is one. The spread is 6.3 times from end to end, which is why a state average is not a number you can plan with.
Kentucky has 120 counties, and the effective property tax rate runs from 0.48% in Rockcastle County to 1.06% in Campbell County — 2.2 times. On a $400,000 home that is a spread of $2,332 a year, without leaving the state.
So the honest version of this question is not "Kentucky or Texas" but which county. Picking the cheapest county in Texas against the dearest county in Kentucky swings the property tax line by $2,924 a year; the reverse choice swings it $6,420 the other way. Against a headline difference of $4,458, the county is not a detail — it is most of the decision.
Neither Kentucky nor Texas lets its counties levy their own income tax, so that layer is genuinely zero here rather than unmodelled — one of the 1,225 pairs out of 1,275 where it does not apply. It is the reason Kentucky and Texas are easier to compare honestly than most neighbours are.
Over 10 years: $44,579
Nobody moves for one year, and almost no comparison prices the decision over the horizon on which it is actually made.
At $4,458 a year of real difference, 10 years in Kentucky instead of Texas is worth $44,579 in today's purchasing power — before compounding anything you might invest it in.
Cumulative, with moving costs counted
The line starts below zero because moving costs about $15,000 and lands entirely in year one. It takes until year 4 for the move to pay for itself. That is the figure a per-year comparison hides.
The first slice of it is not yours, though. Reckoning $15,000 for removal, fees and selling costs — this page's assumption, not a sourced figure — at $4,458 a year it takes 3.4 years to earn back, so a stay shorter than that loses money on a move the annual figure calls a win.
At three horizons: $13,374 over three years, $44,579 over 10, $133,736 over thirty — and the three-year figure does not clear the cost of getting there.
None of those figures contains the one variable that could overturn them: the same job rarely pays the same in Kentucky and Texas. That is what the $106,153 break-even above is for — it prices an offer instead of assuming the offer is identical.
Where every number here comes from
Four sources, each read off the body that publishes it:
US Bureau of Economic Analysis — Regional Price Parities by State and Metro Area, 2024 (released 19 February 2026) — read 2026-09-08. https://www.bea.gov/data/prices-inflation/regional-price-parities-state-and-metro-area
IRS — Revenue Procedure for the tax year (federal brackets, standard deduction and FICA) — read 2026-09-02. https://www.irs.gov/
Each state's own department of revenue (state income tax rates and deductions), verified one state at a time — read 2026-09-02. https://estimatetax.net/sources/
US Census Bureau, American Community Survey (county effective property tax rates) — read 2026-08-31. https://data.census.gov/
The cost of living index is the part worth checking, because it is where comparison sites usually reach for something crowd-sourced. The Regional Price Parities are produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, cover every state and metro area, and are published with a methodology document. The figures here are the 2024 release and are not extrapolated forward.
And what this page does not model:
— The cost of living index is the BEA's Regional Price Parity for 2024, the most recent published. It is not extrapolated to the current year, and it is a state-wide average — inside a state, a metro area and a rural county differ by more than most state pairs do.
— Moving costs, state transfer taxes on buying a home, and the cost of selling the one you have are not included. On a short stay they can outweigh every annual difference on this page.
— Sales tax is not modelled. It is inside the BEA index — that is what a price parity measures — but it is not broken out separately here.
— The comparison assumes the same salary in both places unless you change it. In practice a job in a high-cost state usually pays more, which is exactly what the break-even figure is for.
— Health insurance, childcare and car insurance vary enormously by state and are only inside the index as averages. If any of the three is a large part of your budget, it deserves its own arithmetic.
Kentucky, by $4,458 a year in real purchasing power on $100,000 with a $400,000 home. The take-home difference is only $1,250; the rest comes from the cost of living, where Kentucky indexes at 90.2 and Texas at 97.1 against a national average of 100.
How much do I need to earn in Texas to match $100,000 in Kentucky?
$106,153 — 6.2% more. That accounts for federal tax, FICA, state tax, property tax and the price level in each state.
What are the taxes in Kentucky vs Texas?
On $100,000: state income tax of $3,382 in Kentucky against $0 in Texas, and property tax of $2,872 against $5,004 on a $400,000 home at median county rates. Federal tax and FICA are identical in both — $13,170 and $7,650 — so any comparison showing a difference there is wrong.
Does Texas really have lower property tax?
That depends entirely on the county, which is why a state-level answer is not much use. Texas runs from 0.33% in Crockett County to 2.09% in El Paso County — 6.3 times, or $7,013 a year on a $400,000 home. The median is 1.25%.
How much is the difference over 10 years?
$44,579 in today's purchasing power, at $4,458 a year. That excludes moving and housing transaction costs, which land in year one and can outweigh everything else on a short stay.
Where does your cost of living data come from?
The Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Price Parities for 2024, an official index covering every state and metro area with a published methodology. Not a crowd-sourced database — and it comes broken into housing, goods, utilities and services, which matters because housing moves several times more than anything else.
