Kansas vs North Dakota
A tax calculator says the difference is $6,554 a year. Once you count what a dollar actually buys in each, North Dakota is $8,299 ahead — $82,992 over 10 years.
Property tax is set by counties, not states. Inside Texas alone the rate varies six times over, so this is the single choice that changes the answer most.
Does it work everywhere in North Dakota?
in what the money buys · $82,992 over 10 years
A pay cut of up to $10,799 (10.8%) still leaves you level.
Who worked this out, and what it is built on
I build and maintain every comparison on this site — 1275 state pairs so far, on the same engine that runs the tax calculators for all 50 states and 3,143 counties. This is not a template with two names swapped into it: Kansas and North Dakota are run through the actual rules of each place, and if the numbers say the move is not worth it, that is what the page says.
Four sources, and one deliberate refusal. Federal figures from the IRS revenue procedure. State rates read one state at a time off each state’s own department of revenue. County property tax from the US Census Bureau. Cost of living from the Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Price Parities, 2024 — and not from Numbeo or any other crowd-sourced index, because those are filled in by users, publish no methodology, and cannot be cited. That single choice is most of why the cost-of-living numbers here differ from everybody else’s.
When I get something wrong I publish the correction with the date and what it cost — including the two mistakes on these pages I found myself. Data last verified September 1, 2026.
Where to go from here
Almost nobody is choosing between exactly two places. These are the questions that usually come next, with the answer already attached so you can see which is worth opening.
Other moves involving Kansas or North Dakota
States that sit near North Dakota on prices compared against Kansas, and the mirror of that. The comparison you would run next.
- Alabama vs Kansas— Alabama by $6,639
- Kansas vs South Dakota— South Dakota by $8,795
- Kansas vs West Virginia— West Virginia by $6,253
- Nebraska vs North Dakota— North Dakota by $5,805
- Kentucky vs North Dakota— North Dakota by $3,159
- North Dakota vs West Virginia— North Dakota by $2,046
Each state on its own
The full detail behind each half of the comparison above.
The counties that decide it
Property tax is set by county, and the spread inside one state beats most state pairs.
- Nemaha County, Kansas— 0.98%, the cheapest
- Stanton County, Kansas— 2.47%, the dearest
- Billings County, North Dakota— 0.37%, the cheapest
- Foster County, North Dakota— 1.29%, the dearest
Similar in price to Kansas
States that sit next to Kansas on the price index — often the comparison people should have run.
- Tennessee— 91.9 on prices
- Missouri— 90.8 on prices
- Kentucky— 90.2 on prices
- Nebraska— 90.1 on prices
- Every Kansas comparison— all 50
- Every North Dakota comparison— all 50
- The nine states with no income tax— and what they charge instead
Kansas and North Dakota cost almost exactly the same, so this one really is about tax
Most comparisons on this site end up decided by the price level rather than the tax code. This pair is the exception: Kansas indexes at 90.1 and North Dakota at 89 on the Bureau of Economic Analysis price index — 1.1 points apart, which is close enough that the deflator barely changes anything.
So the tax difference survives into the answer almost intact. Take-home differs by $6,554 and purchasing power by $8,299 — North Dakota ahead either way, which is unusual enough to be worth stating. When someone tells you tax rates decide where you should live, this is the shape of pair they are imagining — 281 of the 1,275, so a little over one in five.
Where the two sit nationally: Kansas is the 41st most expensive place to live of the 51 — the 50 states and the District of Columbia — and North Dakota is 44th. Housing, the component that moves most, is 71.2 against 71.4.
Grey columns are what a year of Kansas and a year of North Dakota are worth in the same money. The bars between them are each thing that changes, in the order it changes: green adds, amber takes away.
Where the money actually goes, line by line
Five separate taxes. On this pair the state income tax genuinely is the largest difference — $4,090 — which is less common than the coverage of this subject suggests:
Federal income tax — $13,170 either way. Identical, because it is federal. Any comparison that shows a difference here is wrong.
FICA — $7,650 either way. Also federal, also identical.
State income tax — $4,780 in Kansas, $691 in North Dakota. A difference of $4,090.
Property tax — $6,186 in Kansas, $3,722 in North Dakota on a $400,000 home, at each state's median local rate. Smaller than the income tax gap here, which is not usually the case.
Local income tax — zero on both sides. Both Kansas and North Dakota keep income tax at the state level only, so the figures above are complete rather than approximations.
Total: $31,786 in Kansas against $25,232 in North Dakota — 31.8% and 25.2% of gross.
And North Dakota housing costs 0.3% more
These two states cost almost the same to live in, which is why the tax difference survives into the answer. The index is the Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Price Parity — official, published per state, 100 is the national average — and it is worth looking at the components even when the headline barely moves, because they can disagree with it.
Cheaper in North Dakota than KansasDearer in North Dakota than Kansas
Each bar is how far apart Kansas and North Dakota are on that component, and which way. Housing almost always runs several times wider than everything else — which is why a single blended index tells you very little.
All items — 90.1 in Kansas, 89 in North Dakota. A gap of 1.1 points.
Housing — 71.2 against 71.4. A gap of 0.2 points, 0.2× the headline gap. This is what people mean when they say somewhere is expensive.
Goods — 94 against 95.7, 1.7 points apart — wide for goods: across all 1,275 state pairs the median goods gap is 2.7 points against 24.9 for housing, so on this pair the shopping basket genuinely differs and not just the rent.
Utilities — 88.4 against 73.7. 14.7 points apart, close enough not to change a decision.
Which half of this reaches you depends on whether you buy. Renting, the real difference between Kansas and North Dakota is $5,616 a year — property tax comes out of your side entirely, and what is left is the price level. Buying a $400,000 home it is $8,299. So buying widens the gap by $2,684: the more house you own, the more this comparison is worth to you.
The number to take into a salary negotiation: $89,201
This is the question people are actually asking and almost nobody answers: what would I need to earn in North Dakota to live exactly as well as I do on $100,000 in Kansas?
$89,201. That is 10.8% less than you earn now. You could take a pay cut of $10,799 moving to North Dakota and be no worse off — which is a very different conversation to have with a recruiter than "North Dakota has lower taxes".
The dashed line is the salary you earn now. The solid line is what matches it in North Dakota. If the relationship were a simple multiplier the two would be parallel — they are not, because brackets, the Social Security ceiling and a property tax that does not move with income all bend it.
The obvious shortcut fails here, and by a measurable amount. Scaling your salary by the ratio of price levels — $100,000 × 89/90.1 — gives $98,779. The answer is $89,201, so the shortcut is $9,578 too high: brackets, the Social Security ceiling and a property tax that ignores income all bend the line the shortcut assumes is straight.
The figure belongs to the two states and your income. On $40,000 the match in North Dakota is $34,745, 13.1% below what you earn; on $250,000 it is $228,024, 8.8% below. The relationship bends by 4.3% across that range.
"Kansas" and "North Dakota" are not places you can compare
Every figure above uses each state's median local property tax rate — its counties in Kansas, its counties in North Dakota — and that is a simplification the page should own rather than hide.
North Dakota has 53 counties, and the effective property tax rate runs from 0.37% in Billings County to 1.29% in Foster County — 3.5 times. On a $400,000 home that is a spread of $3,665 a year, without leaving the state.
53 counties. Each dot is one. The spread is 3.5 times from end to end, which is why a state average is not a number you can plan with.
Kansas has 105 counties, and the effective property tax rate runs from 0.98% in Nemaha County to 2.47% in Stanton County — 2.5 times. On a $400,000 home that is a spread of $5,971 a year, without leaving the state.
So the honest version of this question is not "Kansas or North Dakota" but which county. Picking the cheapest county in North Dakota against the dearest county in Kansas swings the property tax line by $8,407 a year; the reverse choice swings it $1,230 the other way. Against a headline difference of $8,299, the county is not a detail — it is most of the decision.
Neither Kansas nor North Dakota lets its counties levy their own income tax, so that layer is genuinely zero here rather than unmodelled — one of the 1,225 pairs out of 1,275 where it does not apply. It is the reason Kansas and North Dakota are easier to compare honestly than most neighbours are.
Over 10 years: $82,992
Nobody moves for one year, and almost no comparison prices the decision over the horizon on which it is actually made.
At $8,299 a year of real difference, 10 years in North Dakota instead of Kansas is worth $82,992 in today's purchasing power — before compounding anything you might invest it in.
The line starts below zero because moving costs about $15,000 and lands entirely in year one. It takes until year 2 for the move to pay for itself. That is the figure a per-year comparison hides.
The first slice of it is not yours, though. Reckoning $15,000 for removal, fees and selling costs — this page's assumption, not a sourced figure — at $8,299 a year it takes 1.8 years to earn back, so a stay shorter than that loses money on a move the annual figure calls a win.
At three horizons: $24,898 over three years, $82,992 over 10, $248,977 over thirty.
None of those figures contains the one variable that could overturn them: the same job rarely pays the same in Kansas and North Dakota. That is what the $89,201 break-even above is for — it prices an offer instead of assuming the offer is identical.
You could take a $10,799 pay cut to move to North Dakota and be no worse off
That is the version of this comparison worth taking into a negotiation, and it is not a figure any tax calculator produces.
Matching your $100,000 standard of living in Kansas takes $89,201 in North Dakota — 10.8% less than you earn now. So an offer of $89,201 is not a downgrade, and an offer above it is a raise however it looks on paper.
The reverse framing is the one recruiters use, and it is worth being able to answer: a company in Kansas offering to match your current salary is offering you less than the North Dakota job at $89,201. On 10 years the difference is $82,992.
Where every number here comes from
Four sources, each read off the body that publishes it:
US Bureau of Economic Analysis — Regional Price Parities by State and Metro Area, 2024 (released 19 February 2026) — read 2026-09-08. https://www.bea.gov/data/prices-inflation/regional-price-parities-state-and-metro-area
IRS — Revenue Procedure for the tax year (federal brackets, standard deduction and FICA) — read 2026-09-02. https://www.irs.gov/
Each state's own department of revenue (state income tax rates and deductions), verified one state at a time — read 2026-09-02. https://estimatetax.net/sources/
US Census Bureau, American Community Survey (county effective property tax rates) — read 2026-08-31. https://data.census.gov/
The cost of living index is the part worth checking, because it is where comparison sites usually reach for something crowd-sourced. The Regional Price Parities are produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, cover every state and metro area, and are published with a methodology document. The figures here are the 2024 release and are not extrapolated forward.
And what this page does not model:
— The cost of living index is the BEA's Regional Price Parity for 2024, the most recent published. It is not extrapolated to the current year, and it is a state-wide average — inside a state, a metro area and a rural county differ by more than most state pairs do.
— Moving costs, state transfer taxes on buying a home, and the cost of selling the one you have are not included. On a short stay they can outweigh every annual difference on this page.
— Sales tax is not modelled. It is inside the BEA index — that is what a price parity measures — but it is not broken out separately here.
— The comparison assumes the same salary in both places unless you change it. In practice a job in a high-cost state usually pays more, which is exactly what the break-even figure is for.
— Health insurance, childcare and car insurance vary enormously by state and are only inside the index as averages. If any of the three is a large part of your budget, it deserves its own arithmetic.
Where to go next
Questions
- Is it cheaper to live in Kansas or North Dakota?
- North Dakota, by $8,299 a year in real purchasing power on $100,000 with a $400,000 home. The take-home difference is only $6,554; the rest comes from the cost of living, where Kansas indexes at 90.1 and North Dakota at 89 against a national average of 100.
- How much do I need to earn in North Dakota to match $100,000 in Kansas?
- $89,201 — 10.8% less than you earn now, so a pay cut of up to $10,799 still leaves you level. That accounts for federal tax, FICA, state tax, property tax and the price level in each state.
- What are the taxes in Kansas vs North Dakota?
- On $100,000: state income tax of $4,780 in Kansas against $691 in North Dakota, and property tax of $6,186 against $3,722 on a $400,000 home at median county rates. Federal tax and FICA are identical in both — $13,170 and $7,650 — so any comparison showing a difference there is wrong.
- Does North Dakota really have lower property tax?
- That depends entirely on the county, which is why a state-level answer is not much use. North Dakota runs from 0.37% in Billings County to 1.29% in Foster County — 3.5 times, or $3,665 a year on a $400,000 home. The median is 0.93%.
- How much is the difference over 10 years?
- $82,992 in today's purchasing power, at $8,299 a year. That excludes moving and housing transaction costs, which land in year one and can outweigh everything else on a short stay.
- Where does your cost of living data come from?
- The Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Price Parities for 2024, an official index covering every state and metro area with a published methodology. Not a crowd-sourced database — and it comes broken into housing, goods, utilities and services, which matters because housing moves several times more than anything else.